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| IJCEM Copyright © 2008-All rights reserved. Published by e-Century Publishing Corporation, Madison, WI 53711 |
Int J Clin Exp Med 1(2), 98-116;2008
Review Article
Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Type 1 Diabetes
Sharad Purohit and Jin-Xiong She
Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA
30912.
Received January 8, 2008; accepted February 20, 2008; available online February 29, 2008
Abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the immune destruction of the insulin producing β cells of
the pancreatic islets. Autoimmunity towards pancreatic antigens results from complex interactions between multiple genes,
environmental factors and the immune system. The autoimmune process may occur many years before the onset of clinical diabetes
and this long asymptomatic period provides excellent opportunities for the prediction and prevention of the disease. Research in past
four decades has identified a number of risk factors including susceptibility genes, gene and protein expression changes, cellular
changes as well as environmental triggers, which may serve as excellent biomarkers for risk assessment. Furthermore, demographic
and clinical parameters such as age and family history of diabetes and other autoimmune diseases are also important for risk
assessment. Despite the identification of multiple useful biomarkers, the existing tests for T1D prediction still lacks sensitivity and
specificity and earlier biomarkers are also urgently needed. Because of the insufficient predictive power of individual risk factors, future
biomarkers with better predictive power will most likely take advantage of the combinatorial power of multiple biomarkers of different
nature and the integration of various biomarkers and demographic/clinical information will be the key to success. (IJCEM801004).
Key Words: Type-1 diabetes, biomarkers, genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, prediction.
Full Text PDF
Address all correspondence to: Jin-Xiong She, PhD, Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia,
Room CA4124, Phone: 706-721-3410; Fax: 706-721-3688; E-mail: jshe@mail.mcg.edu.
Review Article
Risk Factors and Biomarkers for Type 1 Diabetes
Sharad Purohit and Jin-Xiong She
Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA
30912.
Received January 8, 2008; accepted February 20, 2008; available online February 29, 2008
Abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the immune destruction of the insulin producing β cells of
the pancreatic islets. Autoimmunity towards pancreatic antigens results from complex interactions between multiple genes,
environmental factors and the immune system. The autoimmune process may occur many years before the onset of clinical diabetes
and this long asymptomatic period provides excellent opportunities for the prediction and prevention of the disease. Research in past
four decades has identified a number of risk factors including susceptibility genes, gene and protein expression changes, cellular
changes as well as environmental triggers, which may serve as excellent biomarkers for risk assessment. Furthermore, demographic
and clinical parameters such as age and family history of diabetes and other autoimmune diseases are also important for risk
assessment. Despite the identification of multiple useful biomarkers, the existing tests for T1D prediction still lacks sensitivity and
specificity and earlier biomarkers are also urgently needed. Because of the insufficient predictive power of individual risk factors, future
biomarkers with better predictive power will most likely take advantage of the combinatorial power of multiple biomarkers of different
nature and the integration of various biomarkers and demographic/clinical information will be the key to success. (IJCEM801004).
Key Words: Type-1 diabetes, biomarkers, genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, prediction.
Full Text PDF
Address all correspondence to: Jin-Xiong She, PhD, Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia,
Room CA4124, Phone: 706-721-3410; Fax: 706-721-3688; E-mail: jshe@mail.mcg.edu.
